A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to September 2018 to assess the level of awareness among healthcare workers regarding rotavirus infection and its vaccination in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The study site was conducted at tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Closed and open ended questionnaires were distributed via non-probability convenient sampling. The sample size was 257. Among the study participants, 247 (96.1%) of the participants had good level of awareness regarding rotavirus, whereas 212 (82.5%) had awareness regarding the vaccine. The mean awareness score was 16.16 ± 4.097 out of a maximum score of 22. Both male and female participants had almost equal awareness regarding the rotavirus infection (Males = 96, 93.2%, Females = 151, 98%) and vaccination (Males = 87, 84%, Females = 125, 81.1%). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dt-061-smap.html The mean awareness was directly related with the level of education of the participants, i.e. MBBS/FCPS/MCPS = 221(85.9%), MBBS = 209(81.5%), B.Sc. Nursing = 206(80%), and Basic Education = 220(85.7%) knew about the vaccine.This qualitative study aimed to explore medical students' experience of generation gap in their interactions with senior teachers (aged &gt;55) in Japan. Focus group interviews were conducted with 28 medical students (20 to 30 years, mean age 22 ±2 years, classified as millennials, with only one year of studies since starting specialised courses for medicine. The participants were interviewed in groups of four, with each interview lasting 60 minutes. Topics covered included generation gap experienced in daily life and during their studies, and work-life balance issues. The discussions were recorded and transcribed, and content analysis was applied. Four specific influential generation-gap categories were identified - distinctive sociocultural backgrounds, more recent educational media tools and faster information dissemination speed, new-era values, and challenges in communication - that were consistent with findings from previous studies. More senior personnel involved in medical education need to consider these categories to enhance effectiveness of teaching.Healthcare workers (HCWs) with MRSA nasal colonisation pose a serious threat of passing on the infection to patients. A cross sectional study was designed to investigate the effect of ablution on MRSA nasal colonisation and was conducted at the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University. A total of 220 nasal swab samples, 110 from ablution performing HCWs and 110 from non-ablution performing HCWs were processed for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus and sensitivity testing for Cefoxitin. In the ablution performing group, 11(10%) HCW were harbouring Staphylococcus aureus in their nose, while in non-ablution performing group 32 (29%) HCWs had colonisation of Staphylococcus aureus. Frequency of MRSA colonised HCWs was 9/11 (82%) in ablution performing group, while in the non-ablution group 16/32 (55%) had MRSA in their nose. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the duration of working experience and non-performance of ablution are the potential risk factors.In December 2016 physicians in Karachi, Pakistan,witnessed an increase in patients presenting with febrile illness and severe polyarthralgia. Subsequently, chikungunya virus (CHIKV)) was isolated from three patients. This virus was sequenced and compared with other isolates of CHIKV obtained in India and Pakistan during recent outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Karachi isolates were most similar to the East Central South African CHIKV lineage and showed sequence homology to isolates obtained in other parts of Pakistan and India. More importantly, two of the CHIKV isolates had a nucleotide substitution in the E1 gene corresponding to an amino acid change at chain F portion of the E1 protein.To identify nursing instructors' clinical education competencies.
The integrative review comprised research articles published between 2008 and 2018 on Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Education Information Resource Centre databases searched through relevant key words. All the short listed papers were reviewed and quality assessment was done. Data was analysed using content analysis method. Nursing instructors' clinical education competencies were extracted from the original texts in the form of initial codes which were categorised into subcategories and categories based on comparisons of their similarities and differences. Finally, themes were extracted as expression of content hidden in the data to generate new insights.
Of the 17 studies selected, 6(35.3%) were quantitative, 4(23.5%) qualitative, 3(17.6%) review studies and 4(23.5%) were mixed-methods studies. Three overarching themes identified were clinical teaching process competencies, students' supervision competencies in clinical settings and nursing instructors' professional ethics.
The review provides insightful information on nursing instructors' clinical education competencies. Nursing educational institutions need to be encouraged to incorporate these concepts into educational curricula to empower nursing instructors and to enhance the quality of clinical education.
The review provides insightful information on nursing instructors' clinical education competencies. Nursing educational institutions need to be encouraged to incorporate these concepts into educational curricula to empower nursing instructors and to enhance the quality of clinical education.Hepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth common cancer diagnosed and fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its incidence is on rise due to increasing prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Pakistan is ranked second in countries burdened by hepatitis C virus in the world. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma is complex as it develops on the back of liver cirrhosis, and the risk of mortality is an accumulation of both tumour-related factors as well as liver decompensation. A multidisciplinary tumour board is an ideal approach to improve the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma since this ensures assimilation of input from a diverse group of care-providers, including hepatobiliary and transplant surgeons, gastroenterologists, interventional radiologists, oncologists and palliative care specialists. A multidisciplinary tumour board provides tailored approach to individual cases in a timely fashion to avoid treatment delays and communication gaps to improve the overall outcomes.